High-resolution orthocorrected 1948 grayscale aerial photographs, Barrow spit, northern Alaska

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Lestak, Leanne R.

Originator: Parrish, Eric G.

Originator: Manley, William F.

Originator: Brown, Jerry

Publication_Date: 20070401

Publication_Time: Unknown

Title:

High-resolution orthocorrected 1948 grayscale aerial photographs, Barrow spit, northern Alaska

Edition: Version 1

Series_Information:

Series_Name:

High-Resolution Orthocorrected Aerial Photography of the Barrow spit, Alaska

Issue_Identification: 1948 photography

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado

Publisher: University of Colorado, INSTAAR

Other_Citation_Details:

Please cite as: Lestak, L.R, E.G. Parrish, W.F. Manley and J. Brown. 2007. High-Resolution Orthocorrected Aerial Photography of the Barrow spit, Alaska. Boulder, CO. Digital media.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset contains three orthorectified frames of aerial photography acquired for the Barrow spit on August 4, 1948. The original 9" x 9" black and white aerial photograph negatives, at 1:19,200 scale, were scanned at 1000 - 1200 dpi. Each frame was then orthorectified using an air-photo camera model and a 2002 IFSAR DEM (Manley et al., 2005) with control points taken from 2002 QuickBird satellite imagery (Manley et al., 2006) . The frames are projected to UTM zone 4 using the NAD83 datum, with a horizontal resolution of 0.5 m, and are distributed in GeoTIFF format. This dataset is part of a suite of rectified photos covering the Barrow spit for the last five decades. Together, the imagery will be of interest to land managers, scientists, and others for observation and analysis of natural features and ecosystems

Purpose:

These are computer-generated images of aerial photographs in which displacements caused by camera orientation have been removed by orthorectification. Distortions caused by topography have been removed using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Digital orthocorrected photographs serve a variety of purposes, from interim maps to the basis of observation and analysis for earth science investigations. This time series of orthorectified imagery will be helpful to assess the status of environmental features, and to detect change in: 1) cultural resources and archeological sites; 2) ecosystem components such as shoreline change, geology, soils, permafrost, lake and stream hydrology, and vegetation assemblages; and 3) marine, terrestrial, and freshwater habitats for a variety of animals. These digital orthocorrected images are useful as layers within a geographic information system.

Supplemental_Information:

Filenaming convention for this dataset is place_'type-of-geocorrection'_year_'scale-or-roll-or-flightline'_frame.tif. The filenames for the five orthocorrected frames are: brw_ortho_1948_25_15.tif, brw_ortho_1948_25_25.tif, brw_ortho_1948_25_08.tif

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 19480804

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.7

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.45

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.4

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.33

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: MEL_Scientific-Engineering_Field_Thesaurus

Theme_Keyword: aerial photograph

Theme_Keyword: digitial photograph

Theme_Keyword: georectified photograph

Theme_Keyword: geocorrected image

Theme_Keyword: Cartography

Theme_Keyword: Geography

Theme_Keyword: Mapping

Theme_Keyword: Photogrammetry

Theme_Keyword: Remote

Theme_Keyword: Sensing

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: Geodesy

Theme_Keyword: Hydrology

Theme_Keyword: Topography

Theme_Keyword: DEM

Theme_Keyword: DTM

Theme_Keyword: orthophoto

Theme_Keyword: photomosaic

Theme_Keyword: orthoimagery

Theme_Keyword: scan

Theme_Keyword: tiff

Theme_Keyword: aerial

Theme_Keyword: photograph

Theme_Keyword: digital

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Park Service Theme Category Thesaurus

Theme_Keyword: Digital Orthophoto

Theme_Keyword: Elevation / Bathymetry

Theme_Keyword: Geodetic/ Surveying

Theme_Keyword: General Management

Theme_Keyword: Geology

Theme_Keyword: Landform

Theme_Keyword: Monitoring

Theme_Keyword: Resource Management

Theme_Keyword: Soils

Theme_Keyword: Weather / Climate

Theme_Keyword: Water

Theme_Keyword: Cultural Resources

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover

Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme_Keyword: elevation

Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeterologyAtmosphere

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Point Barrow

Place_Keyword: Alaska

Place_Keyword: North Slope

Place_Keyword: USA

Place_Keyword: Barrow

Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean

Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea

Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea

Place_Keyword: Arctic Circle

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: none

Stratum_Keyword: Surface

Stratum_Keyword: Earth

Stratum_Keyword: Ground

Stratum_Keyword: Terrain

Stratum_Keyword: Coast

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none

Temporal_Keyword: 1940s

Temporal_Keyword: 1948

Temporal_Keyword: August

Temporal_Keyword: Summer

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

Dataset credit required. Use at your own risk. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of the dataset, as well as dataset resolution and accuracy, for their purposes. It is not recommended that the data be used at a scale larger than 1 to 19,200.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Leanne R. Lestak

Contact_Organization:

University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR)

Contact_Position: GIS Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: UCB 450

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: CO

Postal_Code: 80309-0450

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-492-5802

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-492-6388

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Leanne.Lestak@colorado.edu

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Manley, William F.

Originator: Lestak, Leanne R.

Originator: Tweedie, Craig E.

Originator: Maslanik, James A.

Publication_Date: 20060501

Publication_Time: Unknown

Title:

High-Resolution Quickbird Imagery and Value-Added Geospatial Layers for Collaborative Research of Environmental Change at Barrow, Alaska.

Edition: Version 1

Series_Information:

Series_Name:

High-Resolution Quickbird Imagery and Value-Added Geospatial Layers for Collaborative Research of Environmental Change at Barrow, Alaska

Issue_Identification: 2002 QuickBird Satellite Imagery

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado 80309

Publisher:

National Snow and Ice Data Center, CIRES, University of Colorado

Other_Citation_Details:

Please cite as: Manley, W.F., L.R. Lestak, C.E. Tweedie and J.A. Maslanik. 2006. High-Resolution Quickbird Imagery and Value-Added Geospatial Layers for Collaborative Research of Environmental Change at Barrow, Alaska. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.

Online_Linkage: <http://arcss.colorado.edu/data/arcss304.html>

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Manley, William F

Originator: Lestak, Leanne R.

Originator: Tweedie, Craig E.

Originator: Maslanik, James A.

Publication_Date: 20040131

Publication_Time: Unknown

Title:

High-Resolution Radar Imagery, Digital Elevation Models, and Value-Added Geospatial Layers for Collaborative Research of Environmental Change at Barrow, Alaska.

Edition: Version 1

Series_Information:

Series_Name:

High-Resolution Radar Imagery, Digital Elevation Models, and Value-Added Geospatial Layers for Collaborative Research of Environmental Change at Barrow, Alaska.

Issue_Identification: Digital Elevation Models

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado 80309

Publisher:

National Snow and Ice Data Center, CIRES, University of Colorado

Other_Citation_Details:

Please cite as: Manley, W.F., L.R. Lestak, C.E. Tweedie and J.A. Maslanik. 2004. High-Resolution Radar Imagery, Digital Elevation Models, and Value-Added Geospatial Layers for Collaborative Research of Environmental Change at Barrow, Alaska. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.

Online_Linkage: <http://arcss.colorado.edu/data/arcss302.html>

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data

Data_Set_Credit:

University of Colorado (INSTAAR), and the U.S. Geological Survey. Acquisition and processing of this data set was supported by Dr. Anne Jensen, Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation, Science Division, Barrow, AK.

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1, and NPS Metadata Tools, vs 1.1.

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Image brightness values may deviate from brightness values of the original imagery due to image value interpolation during the scanning and rectification processes. Each image has a different locational accuracy.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

This raster data set contains pixels with values that represent relative brightness. Each pixel represents a half meter on the ground. Each geocorrected photograph was checked for accuracy using independent control points. Root mean square errors (RMSE) were calculated for each photograph.

Completeness_Report:

"Full" frame orthophotos were generated for each scanned exposure. Void areas resulting from rectification were assigned a digital value of zero (black, value = 0). The orthorectified frames extend along the Chukchi Sea coast from base of the Barrow spit to Point Barrow which is located at the north end of the Barrow spit.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The aerial photography was fully orthorectified in ERDAS Imagine using an air photo model, Digital Elevation Model, focal length as known from calibration reports or the imagery itself, and fiducial coordinates as estimated through digital measurement. The positional accuracy of the orthorectified frames depends on the accuracy of these inputs. Furthermore, the photographs were registered to a companion 2002 ortho DigitalGlobe QuickBird satellite image with use of image-to-image control points. Thus, positional accuracy also depends on the number, distribution, and accuracy of these points.

Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1.39 meters

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation:

The horizontal accuracy was quantified for each orthorectified frame with an average of 7 independent image-to-image check points taken from the companion 2002 QuickBird satellite orthoimage. Root Mean Square errors (RMSE) range from +/- 1.14 m to 1.67 m, with an average of +/- 1.39 m. These errors are relative to the satellite image, which has an absolute RMSE of 2.1 m. RMSE errors are reported for each frame in the accessory index layers.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Navy

Publication_Date: 19480901

Publication_Time: Unknown

Title: U.S. Navy BAR 25 1948 aerial photographs

Edition: Version 1

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Navy 1948 BAR 25 Aerial Photographs

Issue_Identification: Version 1

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia

Publisher: United States Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: <http://edc.usgs.gov>

Source_Scale_Denominator: 19200

Type_of_Source_Media: filmstrip

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 19480804

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Navy BAR25 photos, 1948

Source_Contribution: Aerial photograph negative

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Two of the 1948 aerial photograph negatives were obtained from the USGS EDC. William Manley at INSTAAR scanned them at 1000 dpi using a Microtek ScanMaker 9800XL scanner. One order of digital scans (at 1200 dpi) from the USGS EROS Data Center was placed, received, reviewed, and organized on disk. The IFSAR DEM (Manley et al, 2004), in UTM zone 4, NAD83, with 5-m grid-cell spacing, was used. An effort to obtain camera calibration reports for the photography was not successful. Focal length was taken where apparent on frame images, or estimated from calibration reports based on limited camera information. Principal point coordinates were assumed to be 0, 0. Fiducial coordinates were measured onscreen from the digital scans. Procedures for rectification were refined through extensive testing of possible models (polynomial, DLT, and camera model), software packages, DEM resolution & accuracy, control point number & placement, resampling routines, and other parameters. Full orthorectification was completed using ERDAS Imagine v9.0 with the air-photo camera model, the IFSAR DEM, and image-to-image control points visually linked to the 2002 DigitalGlobe orthoimage. An average of 11 control points were placed on each frame, using meter-scale, mostly natural, apparently stable features such as small landforms, ponds, or outcrops (specifically excluding features associated with the coastline). Image processing was conducted with cubic resampling to UTM zone 4, NAD83. Output resolution was 0.5 m. After orthorectification, the relative horizontal accuracy of each frame was quantified with an average of 7 independent check points, using ArcGIS v9.1 and the NEAR command. The Root Mean Square error (RMSE) of check points was calculated for each frame, and averaged to +/- 1.39 m (see section on horizontal accuracy). Polygon index shapefiles were created to outline the useful extent of each frame. Information pertaining to air photo acquisition, scanning, and orthorectification was compiled, and joined as attributes into the index layers. FGDC-compliant metadata was then finalized.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Barrow 1948 Aerial Photographs, 2006

Process_Date: 20060301

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Leanne R. Lestak

Contact_Organization: University of Colorado - CIRES

Contact_Position: GIS Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: UCB 216

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: CO

Postal_Code: 80309-0216

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-492-5802

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-492-1149

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Leanne.Lestak@colorado.edu

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 1948 Orthorectified Photography, 2007

Cloud_Cover: 0

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 4

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 0.500000

Ordinate_Resolution: 0.500000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983

Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Band_1

Entity_Type_Definition: Digital scan of grayscale aerial photograph

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: University of Colorado, INSTAAR

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Value

Attribute_Definition: Values that represent relative brightness

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 255

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: values that represent relative brightness

Beginning_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 19480804

Ending_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 19480804

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

8-bit grayscale GeoTIFF, from panchromatic source. Each pixel contains an 8-bit gray-scale value between 0-255. A value of 0 represents the color black, while a value of 255 represents the color white. All values between 0 and 255 are repesented as a shade of gray varying from black to white.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: University of Colorado, INSTAAR

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Leanne Lestak

Contact_Organization: University of Colorado, INSTAAR

Contact_Position: GIS Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: INSTAAR, 450 UCB

Address: University of Colorado

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: CO

Postal_Code: 80309-0450

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 (303)-492-5802

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 (303)-492-6388

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Leanne.Lestak@colorado.edu

Distribution_Liability:

The University of Colorado, INSTAAR (Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research) shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data appropriately and consistently within the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. Any related graphics are intended to aid the data user in acquiring relevant data; it is not appropriate to use the related graphics as data. INSTAAR gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data. These data and related graphics are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: TIFF

Transfer_Size: 375 MB

Format_Version_Number: 1

Format_Specification: DVD

Format_Information_Content: Aerial Photographs

File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Offline_Option:

Offline_Media: DVD

Recording_Format: Standard

Fees: None

Ordering_Instructions: Contact Distributor

Resource_Description: Refer to title of dataset

Custom_Order_Process: Contact Distributor

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20060508

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Colorado, INSTAAR

Contact_Person: Leanne Lestak

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: INSTAAR, 450 UCB

Address: University of Colorado

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: CO

Postal_Code: 80309-0450

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 (303)-492-5802

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 (303)-492-6388

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Leanne.Lestak@colorado.edu

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>

Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time